$ mintty --help
Usage: mintty [OPTION]... [ PROGRAM [ARG]... | - ]
Start a new terminal session running the specified program or the user's shell.
If a dash is given instead of a program, invoke the shell as a login shell.
Options:
-c, --config FILE Load specified config file
-e, --exec Treat remaining arguments as the command to execute
-h, --hold never|start|error|always Keep window open after command finishes
-i, --icon FILE[,IX] Load window icon from file, optionally with index
-l, --log FILE|- Log output to file or stdout
-o, --option OPT=VAL Override config file option with given value
-p, --position X,Y Open window at specified coordinates
-s, --size COLS,ROWS Set screen size in characters
-t, --title TITLE Set window title (default: the invoked command)
-u, --utmp Create a utmp entry
-w, --window normal|min|max|full|hide Set initial window state
--class CLASS Set window class name (default: mintty)
-H, --help Display help and exit
-V, --version Print version information and exit
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
$ alias
alias ll='ls -l'
alias ls='ls -F --color=auto --show-control-chars'
alias node='winpty node.exe'
按照 linux 的操作习惯,命令行设置的一般都是临时性的,想要永久生效,都要写入到文件中,别名这种当然要一劳永逸设置成永久文件.
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
$ cat /etc/bashrc
cat: /etc/bashrc: No such file or directory
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
$ cat ~/.bashrc
cat: /c/Users/adsryen/.bashrc: No such file or directory
竟然配置文件都不存在?
当然不存在了啊!快醒醒,你是在 Windows 系统上并不是 Linux 系统,上哪给你弄这些配置文件去?
脑海中迅速闪现哲学基本问题: 我是谁,我在那,我在干什么?
我是 Windows 系统用户,正在 git bash 命令行中试图设置别名,没有找到类似于 linux 配置文件.
Administrator@adsryen MINGW64 /f/workspace/test
$ mingw-get
bash: mingw-get: command not found
Administrator@adsryen MINGW64 /f/workspace/test
$ pacman
bash: pacman: command not found
Administrator@adsryen MINGW64 / (master)
$ sdk help
The 'sdk' shell function helps you to get up and running
with the Git for Windows SDK. The available subcommands are:
create-desktop-icon: install a desktop icon that starts the Git for
Windows SDK Bash.
cd <project>: initialize/update a worktree and cd into it. Known projects:
git git-extra msys2-runtime installer build-extra
MINGW-packages MSYS2-packages mingw-w64-busybox mingw-w64-curl
mingw-w64-cv2pdb mingw-w64-git mingw-w64-git-credential-manager
mingw-w64-git-lfs mingw-w64-git-sizer mingw-w64-wintoast bash
curl gawk git-flow gnupg heimdal mintty nodejs openssh openssl
perl perl-HTML-Parser perl-Locale-Gettext perl-Net-SSLeay
perl-TermReadKey perl-XML-Parser perl-YAML-Syck subversion tig
init <project>: initialize and/or update a worktree. Known projects
are the same as for the 'cd' command.
build <project>: builds one of the following:
git-and-installer git git-extra msys2-runtime installer
mingw-w64-busybox mingw-w64-curl mingw-w64-cv2pdb mingw-w64-git
mingw-w64-git-credential-manager mingw-w64-git-lfs
mingw-w64-git-sizer mingw-w64-wintoast bash curl gawk
git-flow gnupg heimdal mintty nodejs openssh openssl
perl perl-HTML-Parser perl-Locale-Gettext perl-Net-SSLeay
perl-TermReadKey perl-XML-Parser perl-YAML-Syck subversion tig
edit <file>: edit a well-known file. Well-known files are:
git-sdk.sh sdk.completion ReleaseNotes.md install.iss
reload: reload the 'sdk' function.
现在安装完成后,我们再次打开 Git for Windows 的开发文档简介,从中不难发现该项目使用了 MSYS2 项目,那么问题迎刃而解.
根据科普知识,我们知道 MSYS2 和 MinGW 都是操作系统,而 Git For Windows 将两者结合在一起,默认使用 MSYS2 的包管理工具.
于是下载二进制文件找到其中的 /bin/tree.exe 并将其复制到 /git/usr/bin 目录下,这样 git bash 本身就支持 tree 命令了.
首先清除掉上一步设置的别名,防止干扰以确保此二进制文件真实有效.
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
# 切换到 `git` 安装目录
$ cd /e/git
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
# 编辑 `bash.bashrc` 配置文件,移除别名
$ vim ./etc/bash.bashrc
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
# 查看配置文件内容,别名设置已移除
$ tail ./etc/bash.bashrc
[[ "$-" != *i* ]] && return
# Set a default prompt of: user@host, MSYSTEM variable, and current_directory
#PS1='\[\e]0;\w\a\]\n\[\e[32m\]\u@\h \[\e[35m\]$MSYSTEM\[\e[0m\] \[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\n\$ '
# Uncomment to use the terminal colours set in DIR_COLORS
# eval "$(dircolors -b /etc/DIR_COLORS)"
# Fixup git-bash in non login env
shopt -q login_shell || . /etc/profile.d/git-prompt.sh
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
# 刷新配置文件,使其立即生效
$ source ./etc/bash.bashrc
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
# 移除 `tree` 别名,适用于命令行方式设置而不是文件设置
$ unalias tree
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
# 运行 `tree` 命令,确保已经无法通过别名方式调用系统的 `tree.com` 命令
$ tree
bash: tree: command not found
真的成功添加了 tree.exe 命令,明显和 cmd 自带的 tree.com 命令不一致.
adsryen@home MINGW64 /e/git
$ cd /g/sublime/test
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
# 扩展命令 `tree` 帮助信息
$ tree.exe --help
usage: tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]]
[-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes]
[--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset]
[--filelimit #] [<directory list>]
-a All files are listed.
-d List directories only.
-l Follow symbolic links like directories.
-f Print the full path prefix for each file.
-i Don't print indentation lines.
-q Print non-printable characters as '?'.
-N Print non-printable characters as is.
-p Print the protections for each file.
-u Displays file owner or UID number.
-g Displays file group owner or GID number.
-s Print the size in bytes of each file.
-h Print the size in a more human readable way.
-D Print the date of last modification.
-F Appends '/', '=', '*', or '|' as per ls -F.
-v Sort files alphanumerically by version.
-r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order.
-t Sort files by last modification time.
-x Stay on current filesystem only.
-L level Descend only level directories deep.
-A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.
-S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines.
-n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).
-C Turn colorization on always.
-P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given.
-I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern.
-H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.
-T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.
-R Rerun tree when max dir level reached.
-o file Output to file instead of stdout.
--inodes Print inode number of each file.
--device Print device ID number to which each file belongs.
--noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
--nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.
--dirsfirst List directories before files.
--charset X Use charset X for HTML and indentation line output.
--filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
adsryen@home MINGW64 /g/sublime/test
# 原生 `tree.com` 帮助信息
$ winpty tree.com /?
卷 软件 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 000000CA 223E:7300
E:\GIT\?
无效的路径 - \GIT\?
没有子文件夹
虽然原生 cmd 自带的 tree.com 命令也能打印出目录结构树,但是和扩展的第三方 tree.exe 命令相比,可配置的选项实在太少,难怪固执少年会执意扩展 tree 命令.
懒人直达
如果想要在 git bash 命令行中调用 tree 命令,总结了下列几种方法.
注意: 从上到下逐渐复杂,根据自己的情况自行选择.
winpty tree.com : 直接调用 cmd 内置 tree.com 命令.
winpty cmd //c tree : 通知 cmd 调用 tree 命令.
安装Git For Windows 开发版,Pacman -S tree 安装 tree 命令,然后执行 tree 调用.
